Is Scent Leaf a Herb or a Vegetable? Understanding Its Uses and Benefits
Scent leaf holds a unique identity. That’s how Mrs. F, a trader in Egbeda market, described it when asked if scent leaves fall under herbs or vegetables. “Na vegetable, but e dey work well well for treating different sicknesses,” she explained. She elaborated on some scent leaf benefits, saying, “You fit use the water for person wey get headache, fever, or malaria.”
This is done by squeezing the leaves to extract the juice, which is then consumed raw. In many Nigerian communities, scent leaf plays dual roles—both culinary and medicinal.
Scent leaves appear in numerous Nigerian dishes, from local favorites to national delicacies, owing to their distinctive flavor and potent medicinal properties. In this article, we explore how scent leaves are grown, the benefits of scent leaves, and how to make a rich Nigerian scent leaf soup.
How Are Scent Leaves Grown?
Scientifically known as Ocimum gratissimum, scent leaves belong to the basil family, widely used in global cuisine. In Africa, they are commonly called African basil and bear various local names, such as efirin in Yoruba, daidoya in Hausa, nchanwu in Igbo, and nunum in Akan, a prominent Ghanaian language.
There are two effective methods for growing scent leaves:
Seed Method
Scent leaf seeds are tiny and require careful handling. During the nursery stage, they can be planted indoors or outdoors.
For indoor planting, fill a plastic container or pot with loamy or sandy loam soil. Create small holes in the soil and place the scent leaf seeds inside, or scatter them across the surface.
Lightly sprinkle water over the soil and allow three days for germination. By the third day, tiny seedlings should emerge. Move the container to a well-lit area or your home garden for optimal growth.
Similarly, direct planting in a garden follows the same process. However, marking the planting spots with a small sign can help track their progress. Most gardeners observe seedlings sprouting within two weeks.
Cutting Method
Due to the delicate nature of scent leaf seeds, some home gardeners experience poor germination rates. The cutting method is a more reliable alternative.
To plant via this method, collect several cuttings (slender stems) from mature scent leaf plants. Dig small holes in the garden and insert the cuttings upright.
Once planted, fill the holes with soil and water regularly. Growth signs should appear between seven and twelve days. Keep watering as leaves emerge, ensuring the plant thrives.
Health Benefits of Scent Leaves
Scent leaves contain essential oils and bioactive compounds, making them highly medicinal. Eugenol, a natural antioxidant, gives scent leaves their signature aroma.
These leaves also contain camphor, which provides a cooling sensation, cineole for its fresh fragrance and antibacterial properties, and flavonoids, which reduce inflammation.
Supports Digestive Health
Scent leaves aid digestion by promoting the production of enzymes necessary for breaking down food. They alleviate bloating, indigestion, and constipation.
Additionally, their antibacterial properties help eliminate harmful gut bacteria, preventing diarrhea and stomach infections. Drinking scent leaf tea or adding it to meals improves digestion significantly.
Exhibits Antimicrobial Properties
One of the most valuable benefits of scent leaves is their antimicrobial effect. Packed with eugenol, thymol, and camphor, scent leaves combat bacterial and fungal infections.
They prevent food contamination, protect oral hygiene by reducing bad breath, and contribute to overall immune support.
Reduces Inflammation
Inflammation plays a role in chronic diseases like arthritis and cardiovascular conditions. Scent leaves contain eugenol, a natural compound that minimizes inflammation, similar to its presence in cloves.
They help soothe inflamed tissues, alleviate joint pain, and ease respiratory discomfort caused by conditions such as asthma.
Improves Respiratory Health
Scent leaves are a natural remedy for coughs, colds, and congestion. Their antispasmodic and soothing effects help clear the airways.
Drinking scent leaf tea can break down mucus buildup, reducing respiratory discomfort. Traditional medicine practitioners often recommend scent leaves for relieving chest congestion and asthma symptoms.
Boosts Immunity
Rich in vitamins A and C, scent leaves enhance the body’s defense system. Their antimicrobial properties prevent infections, ensuring overall well-being. Incorporating scent leaves into daily meals strengthens immunity, particularly during seasonal transitions when infections are prevalent.
Promotes Skin Healing
For centuries, scent leaves have been valued in traditional medicine for treating skin infections, acne, and wounds. Their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties soothe irritation and prevent infection.
Applying crushed scent leaves directly on minor cuts speeds up healing and encourages tissue regeneration.
Regulates Blood Sugar Levels
Though research is ongoing, scent leaves show promise in managing diabetes. They may enhance insulin sensitivity and help regulate glucose levels, making them beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Including scent leaves in meals can aid in blood sugar control.
How to Make Nigerian Scent Leaf Soup
Scent leaf soup is an affordable and nourishing dish enjoyed across Nigeria. Here’s what you’ll need:
Ingredients:
- Fresh scent leaves (washed and shredded)
- Stockfish, pre-soaked or boiled
- Crayfish (2–3 tablespoons, ground)
- Uziza or bitter leaves (a handful, shredded)
- Palm oil (3–4 tablespoons)
- Salt (to taste)
Cooking Steps:
- Soak stockfish in warm water until soft. Transfer to a pot and simmer for 10–15 minutes.
- Add palm oil and allow to blend with the broth for five minutes.
- Sprinkle ground crayfish and stir thoroughly.
- Add uziza or bitter leaves and cook for five minutes.
- Finally, add scent leaves and let simmer for 2–3 minutes.
- Season with salt and let the soup rest for two minutes before serving.
This soup pairs well with swallow foods like fufu, pounded yam, or rice. If you dislike the strong taste of scent leaf water, this soup allows you to enjoy scent leaf benefits without the bitterness.
FAQs About Scent Leaves
Can scent leaves be eaten raw?
Yes, scent leaves can be eaten raw or infused in water to extract their medicinal properties.
Does scent leaf cure infections?
Scent leaves possess antimicrobial properties that help combat bacterial and fungal infections.
Is scent leaf good for weight loss?
Yes, scent leaves aid digestion, improve metabolism, and support weight management.
Can pregnant women take scent leaves?
Pregnant women should consult a doctor before consuming scent leaves in large quantities.
Does scent leaf lower blood pressure?
Some studies suggest scent leaves may help regulate blood pressure, but medical advice is recommended.
Reference Links
[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/scent-leaf-health-benefits
[2] https://www.who.int/nutrition/medicinal-plants/scent-leaf
[3] https://www.healthline.com/scent-leaf-properties